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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 26(5): 1110-4, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22072360

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and body composition is important in the disease control. The nutritional intervention has relevance in the improvement of glycemia and lipemia in diabetic patients. AIM: Evaluate the influence of fat intake on body composition, lipemia and glycemia on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: 19 patients were evaluated by anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference), body composition (fat mass, lean body mass and total body water by bioelectrical impedance) and biochemical variables, after 8 hours of fasting. Dietary assessment was performed using the dietary records for 3 days, analyzed for nutritional software DietPró 5i. The groups were formed according to the usual intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (G1<10% of total energy expenditure (TEE) of SFA and G2≥10% of TEE of SFA). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 16.0, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no difference in anthropometric and biochemical variables between groups, but G1 presented higher fat mass (FM) and G2 high SFA and adequate mounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) intake. The lipemia and glycemia were not affected by high SFA intake, but adequate MUFA intake may have influenced the results of these variables. No found relation between type of fat ingested and biochemistry variables. CONCLUSION: Body composition can be influenced by type of fat ingested. Lipemia and glycemia were not influenced by high SFA intake, perhaps due to MUFA intake adequate.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Antropometria , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , HDL-Colesterol/análise , VLDL-Colesterol/análise , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/análise , Adulto Jovem
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(5): 1110-1114, sept.-oct. 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-93458

RESUMO

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and body composition is important in the disease control. The nutritional intervention has relevance in the improvement of glycemia and lipemia in diabetic patients. Aim: Evaluate the influence of fat intake on body composition, lipemia and glycemia on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: 19 patients were evaluated by anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference), body composition (fat mass, lean body mass and total body water by bioelectrical impedance) and biochemical variables, after 8 hours of fasting. Dietary assessment was performed using the dietary records for 3 days, analyzed for nutritional software DietPró 5i. The groups were formed according to the usual intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (G1 < 10% of total energy expenditure (TEE) of SFA and G2 ≥ 10% of TEE of SFA). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 16.0, considering p < 0.05. Results: There was no difference in anthropometric and biochemical variables between groups, but G1 presented higher fat mass (FM) and G2 high SFA and adequate mounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) intake. The lipemia and glycemia were not affected by high SFA intake, but adequate MUFA intake may have influenced the results of these variables. No found relation between type of fat ingested and biochemistry variables. Conclusion: Body composition can be influenced by type of fat ingested. Lipemia and glycemia were not influenced by high SFA intake, perhaps due to MUFA intake adequate (AU)


Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por hiperglucemia crónica y la composición corporal es importante en el control de la enfermedad. La intervención nutricional tiene relevancia en la mejora de la glucemia y lipemia en pacientes diabéticos. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la ingesta de grasa en la composición corporal, lipemia y glucemia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Métodos: 19 pacientes fueron evaluados por parámetros antropométricos (índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de la cintura), composición corporal (masa grasa, masa corporal magra y agua corporal total por impedancia bioeléctrica) y bioquímicos, después de 8 horas de ayuno. La evaluación dietética se realizó mediante registros dietéticos de 3 días, analizados en el software nutricional DietPró 5i. Los grupos se formaron según la ingesta habitual de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) (G1 < 10% del gasto energético total (GET) de AGS y G2 ≥ 10% del GET de AGS). El análisis estadístico se realizó en SPSS 16.0, con p < 0,05. Resultados: No hubo diferencia en los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos entre los grupos, pero G1 presentó mayor masa grasa (MG) y G2 mayor ingesta de AGS y adecuada de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI). La lipemia y glucemia no fueron afectadas por la elevada ingesta de AGS, pero la ingesta adecuada de AGMI puede influenciar en los resultados de estos parámetros. No fueron verificadas relaciones entre el tipo de grasa y los parámetros bioquímicos. Conclusión: La composición corporal puede ser influenciada por el tipo de grasa ingerida. La lipemia y la glucemia no fueron influenciadas por la alta ingesta de AGS, tal vez debido a la adecuada ingesta de AGMI (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Avaliação Nutricional , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Composição Corporal , Lipídeos/sangue , Índice Glicêmico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Estudos Transversais
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 25(4): 622-9, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20694299

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) is an adipogenic transcription factor that influences in insulin resistance (IR) in the presence of agonists such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the influence of dietary fat in glicidic metabolism in morbidly obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the gene PPARgamma2. METHODS: Were selected 25 women with genotype Pro12Pro. The fat intake was estimated by food records, being used for the division of groups, GA (until 30% of the total energy expenditure (TEE)) and GB (greater than 30% of the TEE). Biochemical and anthropometric evaluations were conducted in fasting, following the test meal high in n-6 PUFA and postprandial biochemical evaluations. IR and insulin sensitivity (IS) were assessed by HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment) and QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index), respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: GA presented normal HOMAIR and QUICKI. GB presented higher body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) intake higher, compared with GA (p < 0.05). In GA, the MUFA intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and insulin, and positively with QUICKI. The fat and SFA intake contributed to the increase in body mass and IR. However, MUFA intake may have reduced the impact of high fat diet in glicidic metabolism. It is suggested that obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the PPARgamma2 gene avoid high fat and SFA diets, prioritizing MUFA for controlling obesity and improving the IS.


Assuntos
Glicemia/genética , Glicemia/metabolismo , Gorduras na Dieta , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , PPAR gama/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 25(4): 622-629, jul.-ago. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-95509

RESUMO

Introducción: El receptor activado por proliferadores de peroxisomas (PPARγ2) es un factor de transcripción adipogénico que influye en la resistencia a la insulina (RI) en la presencia de agonistas como los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI). Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la grasa de la dieta en el metabolismo glucídico de mujeres con obesidad mórbida y con el genotipo Pro12Pro en el gen PPARγ2. Métodos: Fueron seleccionadas 25 mujeres con genotipo Pro12Pro. La ingesta habitual de lípidos fue estimada por registros alimentarios, siendo utilizada para la división de los grupos, GA (hasta un 30% del valor energético total (VET)) y GB (por encima de un 30% del VET). Fueron realizadas evaluaciones bioquímicas y antropométricas en ayuno, siguiendo la comida test rica en AGPI n-6 y los análisis bioquímicos postprandiales en GA y GB. La RI y la sensibilidad a la insulina (SI) fueron evaluadas por HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment) y QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index), respectivamente. Resultados y discusión: GA presentó HOMA-IR y QUICKI normales. GB presentó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), HOMA-IR, ingesta de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) y monoinsaturados (AGMI) superiores a GA (p < 0,05). En GB, los AGMI se correlacionaron negativamente con HOMA-IR, glucosa e insulina en ayuno, y positivamente con QUICKI. Los lípidios totales y AGS contribuyeron al aumento de la masa corporal y RI. Sin embargo, los AGMI parecen reducir el impacto de la dieta hiperlipídica en el metabolismo glucídico. Se propone que mujeres obesas con el genotipo Pro12Pro en el gen PPARγ2 eviten dietas ricas en lípidos y AGS, priorizando AGMI para el control de la obesidad y mejora de la SI (AU)


Introduction: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) is an adipogenic transcription factor that influences in insulin resistance (IR) in the presence of agonists such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Objective: Evaluate the influence of dietary fat in glicidic metabolism in morbidly obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the gene PPARγ2. Methods: Were selected 25 women with genotype Pro12Pro. The fat intake was estimated by food records, being used for the division of groups, GA (until 30% of the total energy expenditure (TEE)) and GB (greater than 30% of the TEE). Biochemical and anthropometric evaluations were conducted in fasting, following the test meal high in n-6 PUFA and postprandial biochemical evaluations. IR and insulin sensitivity (IS) were assessed by HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment) and QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index), respectively. Results and discussion: GA presented normal HOMAIR and QUICKI. GB presented higher body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) intake higher, compared with GA (p < 0.05). In GA, the MUFA intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and insulin, and positively with QUICKI. The fat and SFA intake contributed to the increase in body mass and IR. However, MUFA intake may have reduced the impact of high fat diet in glicidic metabolism. It is suggested that obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the PPARγ2 gene avoid high fat and SFA diets, prioritizing MUFA for controlling obesity and improving the IS (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Obesidade Mórbida/metabolismo , PPAR gama/genética , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Genótipo , Resistência à Insulina
5.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 33(2): 155-165, mayo-ago. 2010. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88821

RESUMO

Fundamentos. El objetivo de presente trabajo es evaluarla composición corporal y el metabolismo energéticoen mujeres con exceso de peso corporal.Material y métodos. Estudio transversal de intervenciónno randomizado con 40 mujeres [26 con excesode peso (G1) y 14 eutróficas (G2)]. Fueron realizadasevaluaciones dietéticas, antropométricas y de la composicióncorporal (bioimpedancia eléctrica), actividadfísica (acelerómetro tridimensional) y metabolismoenergético (calorimetría indirecta).Resultados. No hubo diferencia en la ingesta energéticay en la actividad física entre los grupos. Los parámetrosde composición corporal fueron superiores en G1,excepto el agua corporal total. Hubo asociación entreel gasto energético y la composición corporal. La masacorporal magra fue el principal determinante del gastoenergético. No hubo diferencia de los parámetros metabólicosentre los grupos, pero se sugiere menor velocidadde oxidación de los nutrientes y mayor eficienciametabólica en G1.Conclusiones. El exceso de peso corporal se asoció concambios en la composición corporal y en el metabolismoenergético que justifican la acumulación de grasacorporal(AU)


Background. The objective of this paper is to evaluatebody composition and energy expenditure in womenwith excess body weight.Methods. There was a non-randomized, cross-sectionalstudy with 40 women, [26 with excess weight (G1) and14 eutrophic (G2)]. The following evaluations weremade: dietetic, anthropometric and body composition(electrical bioimpedance), physical activity (threedimensionalaccelerometer) and energy expenditure,basal and resting (indirect calorimetry).Results. The energy intake and physical activity did notdiffer between groups. The parameters of body compositionwere higher in G1, except total body water. Therewas a relationship between energy expenditure andbody composition. The lean mass was the biggest determinantof energy expenditure. There was no differencein metabolic parameters between groups, but lowernutrient oxidation and increased metabolic efficiency inG1 was suggested.Conclusion. Excess weight was associated with bodycomposition and energy expenditure changes that justifythe accumulation of body fat(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Composição Corporal/ética , Composição Corporal/genética , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/cirurgia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , Antropometria/métodos , Dieta , Metabolismo Energético/ética , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Estudos Transversais , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/métodos , Calorimetria Indireta , 28599 , Índice de Massa Corporal
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 25(1): 18-25, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20204251

RESUMO

Currently, carb counting is a nutritional strategy that has allowed a greater adherence and dietary management of patients with diabetes mellitus, because it allows the consumption of a greater variety of foods. However, also requires greater adherence by the patient to maintain an adequate blood glucose monitoring and the ability to determine the amount of carbohydrates in the meals. Since diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, a more flexible and varied diet will allow better monitoring, taking into account their glycemic control in long-term. The objective of this study was to examine the applicability of this method to a less restrictive diet and nutritionally adequate for the patient with diabetes mellitus, as well an individual dietary adjustment that is needed to better glycemic control, identifying nutritional advantages and disadvantages of the method.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/dietoterapia , Carboidratos da Dieta , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Automonitorização da Glicemia , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 25(1): 18-25, ene.-feb. 2010. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-80801

RESUMO

Currently, carb counting is a nutritional strategy that has allowed a greater adherence and dietary management of patients with diabetes mellitus, because it allows the consumption of a greater variety of foods. However, also requires greater adherence by the patient to maintain an adequate blood glucose monitoring and the ability to determine the amount of carbohydrates in the meals. Since diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, a more flexible and varied diet will allow better monitoring, taking into account their glycemic control in long-term. The objective of this study was to examine the applicability of this method to a less restrictive diet and nutritionally adequate for the patient with diabetes mellitus, as well an individual dietary adjustment that is needed to better glycemic control, identifying nutritional advantages and disadvantages of the method (AU)


En la actualidad, el contaje del contenido de hidratos de carbono es una estrategia de nutrición que ha permitido mayor adherencia al tratamiento dietético del paciente con diabetes mellitus ya que permite el consumo de una mayor diversidad de comidas. Sin embargo, también se hace necesario una mayor implicación por parte del paciente para mantener una adecuada monitorización de su glucemia, así como la capacidad para determinar la cantidad de hidratos de carbono en las ingestas. Dado que el diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica, una dieta más flexible y variada permitirá un mejor seguimiento, teniendo en cuenta a su vez el control glucémico a largo plazo. El objetivo del estudio fue revisar la aplicabilidad de este método para formular una dieta menos restrictiva y nutricionalmente adecuada para el paciente con diabetes mellitus, así como el ajuste dietético individual que se hace necesario para el mejor control glucémico, identificando ventajas y desventajas nutricionales del método (AU)


Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/dietoterapia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico
8.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 22(4): 97-107, jul. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14212

RESUMO

La obesidad, definida como el exceso de deposición de lípidos en el tejido adiposo, es el resultado de una situación donde la ingesta energética excede la producción total de energía, siendo que este desequilibrio puede resultar de una ingesta excesiva o del defecto en el gasto energético. Entre las causas responsables por un gasto energético disminuido destacamos la composición corporal, particularmente la masa grasa y libre de grasa, así como los factores metabólicos, siendo el cociente respiratorio un factor importante por representar la oxidación de los nutrientes en el organismo. La reducción de la masa libre de grasa induce la disminución del gasto energético, aumentando la posibilidad de la recuperación del peso corporal tras la pérdida del mismo. El aumento del cociente respiratorio, en la obesidad o en el sujeto postobeso, puede resultar en una reducción en la oxidación de los lípidos y consecuente ganancia o recuperación del peso corporal perdido. Se propone discutir la importancia en la composición corporal y del metabolismo energético en sujetos normales, obesos y postobesos cuanto a la predisposición a la ganancia de peso corporal (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Oxirredução , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/classificação , Necessidade Energética/fisiologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/dietoterapia
9.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 25(supl.1): 163-173, ene. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22780

RESUMO

La intervención dietética tiene como objetivos: alcanzar un balance energético negativo, conseguir un peso saludable en la persona obesa y lograr la instauración de hábitos alimentarios saludables para mantener el peso perdido a largo plazo. Considerando el tratamiento dietético de la obesidad un proceso que se mantiene por largos periodos de tiempo, la intervención dietética deberá ser realizada en función de las características fisiopatológicas y psicosociales de la persona obesa. Además, la terapia dietética deberá ser equilibrada, saludable y adaptada a las preferencias alimentarias del paciente. A lo largo de los años, debido a la necesidad y búsqueda de una pérdida de peso rápida, se han originado, creado e inventado dietas mágicas que se han hecho populares y que carecen de eficacia comprobada y rigor científico. Este trabajo, hace referencia a la dieta hipocalórica equilibrada y revisa las dietas adelgazantes más conocidas y llevadas a cabo por la población obesa y/o con sobrepeso. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Comportamento Alimentar , Redução de Peso , Dieta Redutora/classificação , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras/classificação
10.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 25 Suppl 1: 163-73, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12861279

RESUMO

Dietetic intervention has the following aims: to achieve a negative energy balance, obtain a healthy weight in the obese person and achieve the installation of healthy eating habits in order to maintain weight loss in the long term. Considering dietetic treatment of obesity as a process that is maintained for long periods of time, dietetic intervention should be carried out depending on the physio-pathological and psycho-social characteristics of the obese person. Besides, dietetic therapy should be balanced, healthy and adapted to the eating preferences of the patient. Over the years, due to need and the quest for rapid weight loss, magic diets have been occasioned, created and invented that have become popular and that lack proven efficacy and scientific rigour. This paper makes reference to a balanced hypocaloric diet and reviews the slimming diets that are best known and most used by the obese and/or overweight population.

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